In the 1774 portrait of George Whitefield by engraver Elisha Gallaudet (a), Whitefield appears with a gentle expression on his face. Start studying 2.2.2 Quiz: The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening Apex. The term Great Awakening refers to several periods in American Christian history that are characterized by religious revivals and an increase in spiritual interest. It began in the mid 17th or early 18th century with scientists like Isaac Newton and writers like John Locke. Like many evangelical ministers, Whitefield was itinerant, traveling the countryside instead of having his own church and congregation. They realized that they didn't require the Mother Country for survival and these movements changed their way of thinking about themselves and England. In 1718 he was apprenticed to his brother to work in a print shop, where he learned how to be a good writer by copying the style he found in the Spectator, which his brother printed. Upon completion, students will be able to: Explain the difference between The First Great Awakening and The Enlightenment; Analyze the effect each had on the American Colonies Great Awakening & Enlightenment DRAFT. The reach of Enlightenment thought was both broad and deep. The Enlightenment actually began in Europe and it reached colonial America more than a century later. The Great Awakening. Compare the two images above. One passage reads: “The wrath of God burns against them [sinners], their damnation don’t slumber, the pit is prepared, the fire is made ready, the furnace is now hot, ready to receive them, the flames do now rage and glow. What emotions are the illustration for his memoirs intended to evoke? What was the First Great Awakening and what were its impacts? History. The glittering sword is whet, and held over them, and the pit hath opened her mouth under them.” Edwards’s revival spread along the Connecticut River Valley, and news of the event spread rapidly through the frequent reprinting of his famous sermon. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a The next day, he told them to burn their clothes as a sign of their casting off the sinful trappings of the world. How do these two artists portray the same man? The Age of Enlightenment (also known as the Age of Reason or simply the Enlightenment) was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries. Edwards had grown frustrated with lack of religious emotion among practicing Christians within his community. In the 18th century colonial America, the society was diverse and complex. The most important factor in both of these events is the common theme of reason behind the movements. An important component of his approach involved using vivid depictions of the terrors of hell (Figure 4.13). When he retired in 1748, he devoted himself to politics and scientific experiments. The Great Awakening Who: British & colonial ministers (ex. Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 license. To encourage industry, he gave each male immigrant fifty acres of land, tools, and a year’s worth of supplies. In 1731, he established a reading library that became the Library Company of Philadelphia. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book His diplomatic, political, scientific, and business achievements had great effects in many countries. The Social Classes In 18th Century Colonial America. In fact, at the first general conference of Methodism, it was decreed that having a slave would lead to immediate expulsion. Some clergy also ended up adopting liberal theology that is known as Rational Christianity. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? It was parallel to the Enlightenment both in … © 1999-2021, Rice University. Between 1739 and 1740, he electrified colonial listeners with his brilliant oratory. The Great Awakening And Enlightenment In Colonial America, American History Of Segregation And Intimidation And Racism, Crimes And Punishment In Colonial America. The intellectual and philosophical movement called the Enlightenment is indirectly responsible for increasing secularism in … Several ideas dominated Enlightenment thought, including rationalism, empiricism, progressivism, and cosmopolitanism. Both the Enlightenment and the Great awakening caused the colonists to alter their views about government, the role of government, as well as society at large which ultimately and collectively helped to motivate the colonists to revolt against England. The Great Awakening began about the 1930's and reached its climax ten years later in 1740. In Northampton, Massachusetts, Jonathan Edwards led still another explosion of evangelical fervor. During the First Great Awakening, evangelists came from the ranks of several Protestant denominations: Congregationalists, Anglicans (members of the Church of England), and Presbyterians. The Great Awakening The Great Awakening affected most church denominations and resulted in common views that were shared by colonists in both the North and South-- and across all races. Many established Old Lights decried the way the new evangelical religions appealed to people’s passions, rather than to traditional religious values. D_Freund. Having witnessed the terrible conditions of debtors’ prison, as well as the results of releasing penniless debtors onto the streets of London, James Oglethorpe, a member of Parliament and advocate of social reform, petitioned King George II for a charter to start a new colony. He wanted to enliven religious practice. The Great Awakening also led to the founding of many new religious institutions. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. Edward's best-known sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,” perfectly exemplifies this terrifying approach. 4.0 and you must attribute OpenStax. The Great Awakening The Enlightenment Description (9 lines) Major Figures (9 lines) Impact on the Colonies (9 lines) Lesson 5.1: The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment Today we will explain how the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment caused revolutionary feelings to grow in the colonies. The Great Awakening was a movement that altered religious beliefs, practices and relationships in the American colonies. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, When did the Seven Years War (or the French and Indian War take place? Up Next. Two major cultural movements further strengthened Anglo-American colonists’ connection to Great Britain: the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment. These new churches gained converts and competed with older Protestant groups like Anglicans (members of the Church of England), Congregationalists (the heirs of Puritanism in America), and Quakers. 0. The movement challenged the role of God and allowed people to see that they were important and had the ability to shape their own lives. covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may Although its most common usage is in the context of Buddhism, the term buddhi is also used in other Indian philosophies and traditions. The English Empire, 1660–1763, The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire, An Empire of Slavery and the Consumer Revolution, Imperial Reforms and Colonial Protests, 1763-1774, Confronting the National Debt: The Aftermath of the French and Indian War, The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty, The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts, Disaffection: The First Continental Congress and American Identity, America's War for Independence, 1775-1783, Britain’s Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences, Creating Republican Governments, 1776–1790, Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic, The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution, Growing Pains: The New Republic, 1790–1820, Competing Visions: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, Industrial Transformation in the North, 1800–1850, On the Move: The Transportation Revolution, A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson, The Nullification Crisis and the Bank War, A Nation on the Move: Westward Expansion, 1800–1860, Free Soil or Slave? lucillem626. APUSH - Great Awakening and the Enlightenment 16 Terms. What details can you find in the cartoon that indicate the artist’s distaste for the preacher? The movement resulted in stimulating new interests in education, science and literature, and as a consequence many new colleges were founded. This is the currently selected item. Nonetheless, the Great Awakening touched the lives of thousands on both sides of the Atlantic and provided a shared experience in the eighteenth-century British Empire. Progressivism is the belief that through their powers of reason and observation, humans could make unlimited, linear progress over time; this belief was especially important as a response to the carnage and upheaval of the English Civil Wars in the seventeenth century. The Enlightenment challenged the role of religion and divine right and this helped Colonial America to see that it was possible to challenge the King and divine right. Franklin subscribed to deism, an Enlightenment-era belief in a God who created, but has no continuing involvement in, the world and the events within it. Vocabulary . OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR. Not everyone embraced George Whitefield and other New Lights. Rationalism is the idea that humans are capable of using their faculty of reason to gain knowledge. Edit. More.. Who were the parties involved? John Smith . djjwoodman PLUS. The movement also led to creation of different sects and denominations, and advocated religious tolerance. How did this war set the stage for the coming Revolution of the colonialists against the British? ... Who was one of the most important leaders of the Great Awakening from Massachusetts? Save. The Great Awakening saw the rise of several Protestant denominations, including Methodists, Presbyterians, and Baptists (who emphasized adult baptism of converted Christians rather than infant baptism). Although his hands are raised in exultation or entreaty, he does not look particularly roused or rousing. Jonathan Edwards . Oglethorpe led the settlement of the colony, which was called Georgia in honor of the king. Two major cultural movements further strengthened Anglo-American colonists’ connection to Great Britain: the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment. I need to write an essay. This story laid the foundation for the American Dream of upward social mobility. He used this knowledge to advocate the use of lightning rods: metal poles connected to wires directing lightning’s electrical charge into the ground and saving wooden homes in cities like Philadelphia from catastrophic fires. James Earl Jones . Empiricism promotes the idea that knowledge comes from experience and observation of the world. Enlightenment, French siècle des Lumières (literally “century of the Enlightened”), German Aufklärung, a European intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries in which ideas concerning God, reason, nature, and humanity were synthesized into a worldview that gained wide assent in the West and that instigated revolutionary developments in art, philosophy, and politics. Early Modern Era Quizlet 44 Terms. not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University. Colleges became hotbeds of humanism, and Christian students, what few there were, practiced their faith secretly. Naomi_Gary. The Great Awakening: A Mini-Video! The Great Awakening was in many ways a reaction to the Age of Enlightenment. The movement fulfilled people’s need for reassurance, direction and religious purpose, which otherwise was missing. We recommend using a The Freemasons were a fraternal society that advocated Enlightenment principles of inquiry and tolerance. The principles of religious tolerance, optimism about human progress and a demand for rational debate are often thought to be a powerful legacy of the ideas of Locke, Newton, Voltaire and Diderot. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. Most evangelists ended up condemning slavery as a sin. Chap 22 world history section 2 - The Enlightenment in Europe 12 Terms. © Dec 22, 2020 OpenStax. Great Awakening & Enlightenment DRAFT. His career as a printer made Franklin wealthy and well-respected. This movement saw traditional authority of the clergy being challenged and eventually it made it easier to challenge the authority of the King. The consumer revolution. Practice: Colonial North America. Squintum’s Exaltation or the Reformation” (b), Whitefield’s hands are raised in a similar position, but there the similarities end. https://openstax.org/books/us-history/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/us-history/pages/4-4-great-awakening-and-enlightenment, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Explain the significance of the Great Awakening, Describe the genesis, central ideas, and effects of the Enlightenment in British North America. In the mid 1700s, the colonies saw many spiritual and religious revivals. During the eighteenth century, the British Atlantic experienced an outburst of Protestant revivalism known as the First Great Awakening. In all, Enlightenment thinkers endeavored to be ruled by reason, not prejudice. • Great Awakening was a religious and spiritual movement whereas Enlightenment was a movement that centered on scientific spirit and reasoning. The advocates of this movement stressed the power of humans to reason so as to promote progress. Edit. Sort by: Top Voted. This was a sharp turn away from the prevailing idea that people needed to rely on scripture or church authorities for knowledge. Using the power of the press, Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke, Isaac Newton, and Voltaire questioned accepted knowledge and spread new ideas about openness, investigation, and religious tolerance throughout Europe and the Americas. First came the Great Awakening, which dates to around 1740. One prominent Freemason, Benjamin Franklin, stands as the embodiment of the Enlightenment in British America (Figure 4.15). The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment were two historical events that shaped the thoughts of people and religion in America. The First Great Awakening, the Enlightenment, and events between 1754 and 1776 drastically altered the American definition of freedom. New Lights also founded colleges in Rhode Island and New Hampshire that would later become Brown University and Dartmouth College. Frelinghuysen’s example inspired other ministers, including Gilbert Tennent, a Presbyterian. The Enlightenment, or the Age of Reason, was an intellectual and cultural movement in the eighteenth century that emphasized reason over superstition and science over blind faith. One of its results was division within denominations, for some members supported the revival and others rejected it. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The new techniques of revivalism used during the Great Awakening placed an emphasis on On the left is an illustration for Whitefield’s memoirs, while on the right is a cartoon satirizing the circus-like atmosphere that his preaching seemed to attract (Dr. Squintum was a nickname for Whitefield, who was cross-eyed). The Great Awakening stemmed the tide of Enlightenment rationalism among a great many people in the colonies. Visit the Worldly Ways section of PBS’s Benjamin Franklin site to see an interactive map showing Franklin’s overseas travels and his influence around the world. Finally, cosmopolitanism reflected Enlightenment thinkers’ view of themselves as citizens of the world and actively engaged in it, as opposed to being provincial and close-minded. The consumer revolution. In one notorious incident in 1743, an influential New Light minister named James Davenport urged his listeners to burn books. Both movements began in Europe, but they advocated very different ideas: the Great Awakening promoted a fervent, emotional religiosity, while the Enlightenment encouraged the pursuit of reason in all things. George II, understanding the strategic advantage of a British colony standing as a buffer between South Carolina and Spanish Florida, granted the charter to Oglethorpe and twenty like-minded proprietors in 1732. authority – power to command. The Enlightenment actually began in Europe and it reached colonial America more than a century later. 70% average accuracy. This led to common views being shared by the North and South and faith was preached across races. 2 years ago. In the 1763 British political cartoon to the right, “Dr. However, colonists who relocated from other colonies, especially South Carolina, disregarded these prohibitions. What effect did the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening have on life in British North America? The two illustrations below present two very different visions of George Whitefield (Figure 4.14). The Enlightenment focused on challenging the role of religion and divine right, and the Great Awakening was responsible in unifying colonies and bringing about the acceptance of religious tolerance. Franklin also wrote of his “rags to riches” tale, his Memoir, in the 1770s and 1780s. Whereas Martin Luther and John Calvin had preached a doctrine of predestination and close reading of scripture, new evangelical ministers spread a message of personal and experiential faith that rose above mere book learning. On both sides of the Atlantic, British subjects grappled with these new ideas. During the colonial period, the American identity contained ideas of democracy, personal freedom, and individualism. In the 1730s, it even prompted the founding of a new colony. People united in the understanding of the Christian faith and life. Today we will explain how the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment caused revolutionary feelings to grow in the colonies. His most famous work, on electricity, exemplified Enlightenment principles. The followers of this credence believed that God’s greatest gift to mankind was reason which allowed people to follow the moral teachings of Jesus. The Enlightenment was a cultural and intellectual movement that challenged old traditions and emphasized reason. And, although the most significant years were from 1740-1742, the revival continued until the 1760s. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, clare_marie0831. The Enlightenment. are licensed under a, The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492, Early Globalization: The Atlantic World, 1492–1650, Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest, Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange, Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 1500–1700, Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions, Rule Britannia! In Savannah, the Oglethorpe Plan provided for a utopia: “an agrarian model of sustenance while sustaining egalitarian values holding all men as equal.”. According to one expert, religion was in the \"ascension rather than the declension\"; another sees a \"rising vitality in religious life\" from 1700 onward; a third finds religion in many parts of the colonies in a state of \"feve… Deists also advanced the belief that personal morality—an individual’s moral compass, leading to good works and actions—is more important than strict church doctrines. Support, refute, or modify this interpretation, providing specific evidence to justify your answer. Oglethorpe’s vision for Georgia followed the ideals of the Age of Reason, seeing it as a place for England’s “worthy poor” to start anew. He published his findings in 1751, in Experiments and Observations on Electricity. Here the belief was that God gave salvation to everyone and not just a chosen group. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site At the age of seventeen, the independent-minded Franklin ran away, eventually ending up in Quaker Philadelphia. George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards)What: A movement of religious revival prompted by Ministers who felt people were growing less faithful and focusing more on worldly things like wealth. The Great Depression, 1929-1932, Assessing the Hoover Years on the Eve of the New Deal, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941, Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945, The Origins of War: Europe, Asia, and the United States, Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960, The African American Struggle for Civil Rights, Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980, Jimmy Carter in the Aftermath of the Storm, The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century, Presidents of the United States of America. How did the Enlightenment impact America? The Great Awakening was a religious revival that swept through the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s. Born in Boston in 1706 to a large Puritan family, Franklin loved to read, although he found little beyond religious publications in his father’s house. In 1733, he and 113 immigrants arrived on the ship Anne. The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening changed the colonists' beliefs about their society and their relationship with the Mother Country. They rejected what appeared to be sterile, formal modes of worship in favor of a vigorous emotional religiosity. 411 times. The writings of the French skeptics and the Enlightenment thinkers so pervaded the Colonies that churches struggled to remain open. In addition, population increased exponentially with immigrants coming in large numbers and due to the growth of plantations. 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